Westland Wessex HAS.3, XM328

Weseex Mk.3, XM328, unloaded at The Helicopter Museum
Westland Wessex HAS.3, XM328, c/n WA9, went on pre-restoration public display at The Helicopter Museum, just over two years after delivery (above) by MASU in May 2004. It was built at Yeovil in 1959 as a pre-production HAS.1 anti-submarine warfare helicopter for the Royal Navy, powered by one 1450 shp Napier Gazelle NGa.13 Mk.161 turboshaft engine. The HAS.1 was the world's first free-turbine engine aircraft to go into quantity production. It was fitted with dunking sonar, Doppler radar navigation, partial auto-stabilisation and Louis Newmark Mk.19 autopilot facilities. The new Flight Control System allowed the HAS.1 to hover over the sea at night or in bad visibility. Previously this could only be done when the pilot had a visual horizon as a reference.
XM328 Radome and Fairing Between 1965 and 1968 forty-three HAS.1s, including XM328, were upgraded to Mk.3 specification. This included a new search radar in a dorsal dome (left), causing the type to be known as the 'Camel', full flight control systems, duplicated autostabilisation, a new medium-depth sonar system and substitution of the 1600 shp Gazelle NGa.22 Mk.165 turboshaft engine.
The Museum already has a Mk.3 Wessex, XS149, but this is not in such a good condition, or as complete, as XM328 and would have taken much longer to restore to display condition. XS149 will probably be sold or traded for another airframe.
Wessex HAS.1 XM328 in 1961
Wessex HAS.3, XM328
Wessex HAS.1 XM328 (left) in 1960 and (right) soon after HAS.3 configuration upgrade.
XM328 spent the first years of its life, while still a Mk.1, engaged in radio, instrument and other flight performance trials, including some at A & AEE Boscombe Down, with ten other pre-production examples.

Later, from 1970, it was stationed at Portland, in Dorset, with 737 Naval Air Squadron where, as an HAS.3, it was assigned to operate from the stern platforms of several of the six County Class guided missile destroyers, including HMS Glamorgan and HMS Norfolk. Wessex HAS.3s equipped seven flights on these destroyers in addition to an aircrew training squadron at RNAS Portland.

In their shipborne, anti-submarine role, the HAS.3s could carry two Mk.44 or Mk.46 homing torpedoes (with parachutes) or four Mk.11 depth charges in addition to their Plessey dipping sonar. They could also be fitted with a door-mounted machine gun and act as a self-contained unit, handling all operations at the scene of an anti-submarine action.

Throughout the late 1970s most of the Wessex HAS.3 helicopters at Portland were being replaced by Sea Kings, which could carry more torpedoes or depth charges and had the security of twin engines, with greatly extended endurance. XM328, however, and a few other HAS.3s, remained in service until after the Falklands conflict period in 1982. One of these, XP142, seriously damaged near San Carlos Water, was replaced by XM328, on HMS Antrim, in November 1982. XM328 then sailed with HMS Antrim on her second deployment to the South Atlantic, was transferred to 772 Squadron when 737 Squadron disbanded on 4th February 1983, returned to Portsmouth with HMS Antrim in March 1983 and was flown back to Portland. Another Mk.3, XM837, was lost in June 1982 when an Exocet missile hit the hangar on the destroyer HMS Glamorgan. 
In 1984, after a short time in storage at Wroughton, XM328 was transferred to RNAS Culdrose, in Cornwall. There, for the next twenty years, it was used as a ground training aircraft, by the School of Aircraft Handling, (more recently, the School of Flight Deck Operations), which teaches the skills of moving and securing aircraft on flight decks and in hangars.

XM328 as seen (right) at RNAS Culdrose in July 1997. 

Wessex XM328 at Culdrose
Thanks to Ad Vercruijsse for his copyright photo

XM328 at RIAT Fairford 2003
XM328 at RIAT Fairford 2003
In July 2003, XM328, in anti-submarine colour scheme, was loaned, by RNAS Culdrose, for display at the Royal International Air Tattoo, Fairford (above), but was declared surplus by the MoD, in early 2004 and purchased by The Helicopter Museum. 
Thanks for photographs (left) © Stephen Boreham and (right) © Ben Clements, both seen on Airliners.net
Wessex HAS.3 XM328 is wheeled into the Display Hangar
Wessex HAS.3 XM328 on Public Display at The Helicopter Museum
On 17th June 2006, after two years exposure to the weather, XM328 was brought into the main Display Hangar (above) but, on 23rd June 2007, was transferred to the new hangar extension area which is not open to the public. However the HAS.3 can still be seen through the (normally open) doorway, as conservation work continues.
XM328 starboard side engine access
 The Wessex is largely complete although the instrument panel and a lot of the cockpit interior fittings were missing. Much of the cabin equipment remains, including some of the internal winch mechanism used for raising and lowering the sonar buoy. A rapid structural survey of the interior and exterior had been carried out, in the main hangar, while the machine was on display.
Most of the autopilot, auto-stabilisation, sonar and other avionics units were labelled and removed, prior to cleaning and corrosion treatment. The outside of the aircraft was washed to allow closer inspection of the skin, where some rivets have been found to be suffering from corrosion. Some small areas of skin needed replacement. In early 2007 the weapon pylons were refurbished and painted.

Later in 2007, following XM328's move into the newly-completed Engineering Hangar, most of the remaining cabin equipment was removed. After cleaning and anti-corrosion treatment, where necessary, parts of the interior were re-painted.
Wessex HAS.3, XM328, Restoration
Falklands Anniversary

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